高中定语从句讲解

定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），一个句子跟在一个名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。从句在主句中充当定语成分。

被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

1、关系代词引导的定语从句

①who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

②Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

请递给我那本绿皮的书。

③which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）

The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在从句中作宾语）

2、关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

①when, where,why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用.

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

②that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句，在非正式文体中that常被省略（正式文体中不可省略），例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.

他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。



高中定语从句详解

定语从句是高中阶段的重点，大家要记住相关的语法规则，并且需要通过以后的练习来逐渐透彻掌握。学习中肯定会遇到一些困难，不好弄懂的知识点一定要结合例句细心多看几遍。下面为大家带来高中定语从句详解，希望能帮到你!

Ⅰ.概念：

(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。

(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用：

1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词

2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语)

常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、as , 在从句中作主语，宾语，whose在从句中作定语)

常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when、why、 where

The student who answered the question was John.

I know the reason why he was so angry.

The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.

I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

定语从句三步：

第一找出先行词

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法的功能(做主语、宾语或状语)

第三选择合适的'关系词。

Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom指物时，相当于which)(不用于非限制性定语从句不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：

1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?

2. You can take anything ( that) you like.

3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?

4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.

5. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.

●which: 指物在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：

1. The bookwhich/that was on the desk was bought by my father.

2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.

3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.

●who, whom, whose:

who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语只可指人

whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语只可指人

whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

1. I like the students who/that work hard.

2. All who heard the story were amazed.

(代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)

3. He's a man from whom we should learn.

= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.

4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.

5. I'd like a room whose window faces south.

=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.

=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.

关系代词作介词宾语： (介词+ whom / which)

关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。)

1. This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.

2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands?

= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?

3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?

4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?

5. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)

●as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)

①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as the same assuch …as …as many/much asso …as等结构中。

1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。

2. .---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?

--- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.

3. Don't do such things as you are not sure about.

比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.

I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.

比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. (定语从句)

Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.(结果状语从句)

②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。(动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.)

As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)

=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作主语)

=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .

=Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know .(as 作宾语)

=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.

He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)

Ⅲ. 关系副词引导的定语从句:

●When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词(如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.)

He came last night when I was out.

We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.

注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较:1. I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.(作状语)

2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. (作宾语)

3. I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.

●Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.

This is the place where I was born.

I live in the room where /in which he used to live.

注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较: ※1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. (作状语)

2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.

3. He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.

4. This is the park which/that they visited last year. (作宾语)

●Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：

1. The reason why / for which / (that) he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.

2. I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. (作宾语)

3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? (作主语)

当先行词为way时，the way在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。

the way在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如:

This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.

比较: Please do the experiment in the way (that/which)I have shown you.

Ⅳ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。

2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.

3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。

4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句(较短的一般译为"的"字结构)而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。(见上句翻译)

比较: He has a sister, who is a musician.

He has a sister who is a musician.

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose关系副词when，where, why, etc.

1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.

2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.

Ⅴ. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:

●that &which:

在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.

①先行词为不定代词,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等,

should do all that is useful to the people .

e's nothing that can be said about it .

you mean the one that was bought yesterday?

②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。

only thing that we could do was to wait.

's the very word that is wrongly used.

3. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.

比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.

This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.

③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.

is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

is the best that can be done now.

most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.

⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.

writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .

rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.

⑥被修饰词为数词时.

erday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water you can see the two that are still alive .

⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。

1. Which is the book that you like best?

2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?

⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：

1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.

⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .

1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.

2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .

定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:

①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.

this the room in which Mr. White lives?

②在非限制性定语从句中.

oe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .

and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular in our country. (which指代主句)

③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .

1. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .

What's that which she is looking at?

⑥先行词是those+复数名词.

A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

●who &that:

who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that

①先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如：

person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.

ne who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .

e who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.

②在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如：

e is a gentleman who wants to see you .

e are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.

③当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如：

1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.

●as &which:

as &which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

①位置的不同：

which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面插在句子中或放在句子后。如：

1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.

2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.

或As you know, Jack is an honest man.

②先行词的不同：

as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子

which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。

1. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.

2. He was proud, which I dislike very much.(先行词是一个句子)

3. He is an honest man, as is known to all.

③as 一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点"

as we all knowas you knowas is known to allas you seeas we can seeas has been expectedas we have imagined.

高中定语从句的讲解

定语从句，一个句子跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。

通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。从句在主句中充当定语成分。 被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。

定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句

扩展资料：

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）

The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

参考资料：定语从句-百度百科

高中定语从句讲解(2)

用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：

waplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。

Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。

lneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.我永远忘不了我们一起 度假的日子。

Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。

isthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。

Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。

（五）but有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如：

Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents. 很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but=whodon’t）

（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。

TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforParis.（定语从句）刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。

Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.（同位语从句）他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。

2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where,when,how,who,whether,what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。

Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.（定语从句）他告诉我的消息是真的。

Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.（同位语从句）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。

Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.(定语从句)我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。

Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.（同位语从句）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。

Thequestionthatheraisedpuzzledallofus.（定语从句）他提出的问题让我们很为难。

Thequestionwhetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.（同位语从句）他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。

3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句则不能。如：

deathathewecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.（同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。

Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.

actthattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.（同位语从句）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。

Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.

ttentiontotheproblemhowwecanprotectthewildanimals.（同位语从句）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。

Theproblemishowwecanprotectthewildanimals.

Exercises:

e are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is Mary's.

A the smallestof whichB the smaller of which

C the smallest of themD the smallest one

Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_____ it will be completely finished.

A by the timeB by which timeC by that timeD by this time

e has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in london.

A none of themB no one of whichC all of whichD none of which

the fast development of agriculture, the people ____ village I taught beforelived a happy life.

A whoB whoseC in whoseD in which

e is a moutain ____ the top is always covered with snow.

A whoseB ofwhichC it'sD that

may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.

A whatB thatC whichD this

7.1)I have three children,and two of _____ are doctors.

2)I have three children, two of ____ are doctors.

e two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.

A two-thirds in whichB two-thirds in themC two-thirds of themD of whom two thirds

9.I have bought two ballpens,_____ writes well.

A neither of themB none of themC neither of whichD none of which

（1---6ABDCBC 7----9B DDC）

特殊结构定语从句点击

1. These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.

A. likeB. asC. thatD. which

2. I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.

A. asB. that C. of whichD. about which

3. I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.

A. thatB. which C. asD. like

4. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.

A. that B. which C. as D. like

5. He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.

A. which I think is

B. which I think it is

C. which I think it

D. I think is

6. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

7. This is the first time ________ he has been here.

A. that B. when C. at which D. which

8. I don't like ________ you speak to her.

A. the wayB. they way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which

　 　答案与简析：

1. B。当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为"such+（a/an）＋形容词＋名词＋as"引导的定语从句，意为"......像......一样的"。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。

2. A。由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。

3. A

4. C。当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。

5. A。做此题的关键是要知道I think在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到答案。

6. B。As在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情况经常是这样）等。如选A，则需将逗号改为that；如选D，则需将逗号改为is that。

7. A。当先行词为the first time, the last time等时，定语从句的引导词用that而不用when。

8. A。当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词用that或in which, 也可省略。

定语从句

1．This is the best factory ____we visited last year .

A. where B. whichC. in whichD. that

this the factory ____computers are built ?

A. that B. which C. in whichD. in that

se pass me the dictionary ____cover is red .

A. whose C. which D. which of

man ____has arrived .

A. whom I told you B. that I told you

C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about

5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ?

A. to whomB. to who C. whom D. to that

6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born .

A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where

7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .

A. whomB. which C. who D. whose

8. He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class .

A. who B. that C. what D. where

9. I’ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back from Shanghai .

A. who B. thatC. whenD. which

school ___I study is a new one .

A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which

11. China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan .

A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which

12. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here .

A. what B. where C. that D. which

13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north .

A. which B. his C. thatD. whose

14. Do you know the man ___your father nodded ?

A. whom B. to whomC. to who D. about whom

tling is a sport in ___people easily get hurt .

A. that B. when C. whichD. what

16. I told you ____I know .

A. all that B. all which C. all whatD. all whom

a has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun .

A. of which B. of whomC. of who D. of them

18. Is this factory ____we visited last year ?

A. in whichB. around that C. whom D. the one

19. Who is the man ____was there ?

A. whoB. which C. that D. whom

20. Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ?

A. thatB. which C. whose D. who

21. I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress .

A. which B. in which C. on thatD. on which

22. The knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp .

A. with whichB. with it C. with that D. which

23. The games ____the young men competed in were difficult .

which B. which C. it D. who

rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that B. which C. as D. it

25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.

A. whoB. whomC. he D. which

历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选

parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.

whom whose e

heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.

h

the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.

whom whom

weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.

h

r living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

h e

31．Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt very much.

A. it h

32．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.

A．who B．which C．this D．what

ntly I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.

h price price of which

price price of whose

34._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.

h

lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.

h

the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.

e which h

ever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.

h

visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.

e h e

boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.

which that whose e

40.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.

way way in that way which way of which

41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .

’s the reason ’s why

e’s why ’s how

made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.

h I think is h I think it is

h I think it D.I think which is

　 　定语从句答案:

1-5DCADA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 25 DABBA

KEYS: 26-30 DBDBB 31-35 DBCAB 36-40 ABBCA 41-42 BA

高中英语语法之定语从句讲解

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

一、 限定性定语从句

1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略

4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

6. when引导定语从句表示时间

〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.

I still remember the first time I met her.

Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物

三、定语从句结构错误

1. 缺关系词

2. 从句中缺成分

摘自《简明英语语法》

在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：

限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：

Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .

为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。

Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.

洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。

They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.

他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。

非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。 例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .

（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）

更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。

The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .

（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：

The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。

The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。

The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：

The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。