什么是劳合乔治

Lloyd George, David，亦称Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor。

英国首相（1916～1922）。出生於曼彻斯特，父母为威尔斯人，後来在威尔斯长大。1890年进入议会，代表自由党，此後保持议席五十五年。1905～1908年担任商务大臣，1908～1915年任财政大臣。1909年提出争议性的「人民预算」（为社会改革而提高税收），结果为上院所驳回，导致宪法危机，後来通过「1911年议会法」。同年又提出「国民保险法」，为英国的福利国家政策奠定了基础。1915～1916年任军需大臣，运用非正统的方式确保战时物资供应无缺。1916年取代阿斯奎斯担任首相，在保守党的支持下组成联合内阁。他组成小型战时内阁，期能尽速作出决策。由於英国最高指挥者之间的彼此不信任，他常与黑格将军意见不合。1918年战争胜利，他的联合内阁继续执政，自由党进一步分裂了。他是在巴黎和会上签署「凡尔赛和约」的三个大政治家之一。他开始以谈判方式解决爱尔兰问题，最终在1921年达成「英爱条约」。1922年辞职，1926～1931年担任已经式微的自由党党魁。

1863～1945年

Lloyd George, David

British prime minister (1916-22). Born in Manchester to Welsh parents, he was raised in Wales. He entered Parliament in 1890 as a Liberal and retained his seat for 55 years. He served as president of the Board of Trade 1905-8, then as chancellor of the exchequer 1908-15. Rejection of his controversial “People's Budget” (to raise taxes for social programs) in 1909 by the House of Lords led to a constitutional crisis and passage of the Parliament Act of 1911. He devised the National Insurance Act of 1911, which laid the foundation of the British welfare state. As minister of munitions (1915-16), he used unorthodox methods to ensure that war supplies were forthcoming. He replaced H. H. Asquith as prime minister in 1916, with Conservative support in his coalition government. His small war cabinet ensured speedy decisions. Distrustful of the competence of the British high command, he was constantly at odds with Gen. Douglas Haig. In the 1918 elections his decision to continue a coalition government further split the Liberals. He was one of the three great statesmen responsible for the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference. He began the negotiations that culminated in the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921. He resigned in 1922 and headed an ailing Liberal Party 1926-31.