什么是伯尔

Burr, Aaron

美国政治人物，第三任副总统（1801～1805）。美国革命期间在华盛顿将军麾下当参谋至1779年。1782年起在纽约当律师，事业成功。1789～1791年担任州总检察长，1791～1797年任参议员。1800年竞选总统。投票结果与杰佛逊不相上下，於是让众议员选举定夺；由於汉弥尔顿（Alexander Hamilton）坚决反对伯尔，遂使杰佛逊当选为总统，伯尔屈居副总统之位。伯尔对汉弥尔顿的行为感到愤恨，加上1804年汉弥尔顿又阻止提名伯尔为纽约州州长，在汉弥尔顿发表了批评伯尔的个性的一些言论後，伯尔向汉弥尔顿提出挑战决斗。结果汉弥尔顿受了致命重伤，伯尔逃往费城。他在那里和威尔金森将军有所接触，後来与之策划入侵墨西哥。1807年因叛国罪在马歇尔面前受审，马歇尔对宪法的狭义解释使伯尔无罪释放。由於处在阴云笼罩下，伯尔前往欧洲，他企图说服英国和法国当局去征服佛罗里达，但没有成功。1812年返回纽约，重执律师业。

1756～1836年

Burr, Aaron

U.S. politician, third vice president of the U.S. (1801-5). Born in Newark, N.J., he served in the American Revolution on George Washington's staff until 1779. He had a successful law practice in New York from 1782 and served as state attorney general 1789-91 and in the U.S. Senate 1791-97. He ran for president in 1800. The electoral-vote tie between Burr and Thomas Jefferson sent the election to the House of Representatives; Jefferson was chosen after Alexander Hamilton endorsed him; Burr became vice president. Resentful of Hamilton's action and his later effort to block Burr's nomination for governor of New York in 1804, he challenged Hamilton to a duel following some remarks about Burr's character. He mortally wounded Hamilton and fled to Philadelphia. There he contacted Gen. James Wilkinson, with whom he planned an invasion of Mexico. He was tried for treason in 1807 before John Marshall, whose narrow interpretation of the constitutional charge led to acquittal. Under a cloud, Burr left for Europe, where he tried in vain to interest English and French authorities in his scheme to conquer Florida. In 1812 he returned to New York to resume his law practice.