什么是摩根

Morgan, J(ohn) P(ierpont)

美国金融家。金融家之子。1857年开始其职业生涯，最初做会计师，1861年成为父亲银行的代理人。1871年被指定德雷克塞尔－摩根公司的合夥人，後来该公司成为美国政府财政的主要支柱。1895年这个公司改名为摩根公司。1880年代和1890年代摩根改组了几条重要铁路线，主要有伊利铁路和北太平洋铁路。他协助稳定了铁路运输的价格并制止了东部铁路之间过度混乱的竞争局面，成为世界上最有实力的铁路巨头之一，1902年时已控制了大约8000公里的铁路。在1893年金融恐慌之後，摩根公司组成的集团，供给美国财政部衰竭的黄金储备。摩根领导金融界度过了1907年股市危机之後的财政崩溃状态。为一些大企业的联合提供资金，经由合并组织了奇异公司，美国钢铁公司和国际收割机公司（参阅Navistar International Corporation）。摩根是有名的艺术品收藏家，向纽约市大都会艺术博物馆捐赠了许多艺术作品；其藏书和藏书大楼现已成为皮尔蓬特.摩根图书馆。

1837～1913年

Morgan, J(ohn) P(ierpont)

U.S. financier. Born in Hartford, Conn., the son of a financier, he began his career as an accountant in 1857 and became an agent for his father's banking company in 1861. In 1871 he was named a partner in the firm of Drexel, Morgan, which became the chief source of U.S. government financing. In 1895 it became J. P. Morgan and Co. In the 1880s and '90s Morgan reorganized several major railroads, notably the Erie Railroad and the Northern Pacific. He was instrumental in achieving railroad rate stability and discouraging overly chaotic competition, and became one of the world's most powerful railroad magnates, controlling about 5,000 mi (8,000 km) of railway by 1902. After the panic of 1893, Morgan formed a syndicate to supply the U.S. Treasury's depleted gold reserves. He led the financial community in averting a general financial collapse following the stock-market panic of 1907. He financed a series of giant industrial consolidations, organizing the mergers that formed General Electric, U.S. Steel Corp., and International Harvester Co. (see Navistar International Corp.). A noted art collector, he donated many artworks to the Metropolitan Museum of Art; his book collection and the building that housed it became the Pierpont Morgan Library.