什么是肝

脊椎动物体内最大的器官，呈楔形叶状。肝能分泌胆汁，代谢蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪，贮存肝醣、维生素和其他物质，合成凝血因子，排除血液中的废物和有毒物质，调节血容量，以及破坏老旧的红血细胞。门静脉携带血液从肠道经过胆囊、胰脏、脾脏到肝来加工处理。肝内有一个胆道系统把胆汁从肝带到十二指肠和胆囊。肝组织是由大量肝细胞组成，肝细胞间有胆管和血管穿行。肝组织内约有60%是肝细胞，它们比其他细胞具有更大的代谢功能。第二种类型的细胞是库普费尔氏细胞（Kupffer cell），在血细胞形成、抗体产生和吞噬异物、细胞碎屑方面扮演了重要角色。肝制造血浆蛋白质，包括白蛋白和凝血因子，并合成以改变营养物和毒素等物质，并把它们从血液中滤出。肝病包括黄疸、肝炎、肝硬化、肿瘤、血管阻塞、脓疮和肝醣贮积病。

liver

Largest gland in the body, with several lobes. It secretes bile; metabolizes proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; stores glycogen, vitamins, and other substances; synthesizes coagulation factors; removes wastes and toxic matter from the blood; regulates blood volume; and destroys old red blood cells. The portal vein carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen to the liver to be processed. A duct system carries bile from the liver to the duodenum and the gallbladder. Liver tissue consists of a mass of cells tunneled with bile ducts and blood vessels. About 60% are hepatic cells, which have more metabolic functions than any other cells. A second type, Kupffer cells, play a role in blood-cell formation, antibody production, and ingestion of foreign particles and cell debris. The liver manufactures plasma proteins, including albumin and clotting factors, and synthesizes enzymes that modify substances such as nutrients and toxins, filtered from the blood. Liver disorders include jaundice, hepatitis, cirrhosis, tumors, vascular obstruction, abscess, and glycogen-storage diseases.