什么是阿克巴

Akbar

全名Abu-ul-Fath Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar

印度蒙兀儿王朝最伟大的皇帝（1556～1665年在位）。为帖木儿及成吉思汗（Genghis Khan）的後代。当时他的统治只限於旁遮普和德里（Delhi）周围地区。1562年安伯王公（Amber）与阿克巴联姻，承认阿克巴的宗主权，拉杰普特人（Rajput）的其他首领也跟进。无论从行政管理的哪一方面来说，阿克巴在争取印度人合作上比所有前任穆斯林统治者都要成功。1573年阿克巴征服了古吉拉特，1576年吞并孟加拉（Bengal）。在其统治末期先後征服了喀什米尔（Kashmir, 1586），并往南进入德干（Deccan）地区。在行政上，阿克巴采取中央集权政策，所有的文武官员都由他指派。他提倡学术研究、诗歌、绘画、音乐，使宫廷成为一个文化中心。他还把梵语经典着作翻译成波斯文，对耶稣会教士呈给他的欧洲绘画作品也极感兴趣。在位时间堪称是印度一段黄金时代。亦请参阅Babur。

1542～1605年

Akbar

Greatest of the Mughal emperors (see Mughal dynasty) of India (r. 1556-1605). Akbar, whose ancestors included Timur and Genghis Khan, ascended the throne as a youth. Initially his rule extended only over the Punjab and the area around Delhi. The Rajput raja of Amber (Jaipur) acknowledged his suzerainty in 1562, and other Rajput rajas followed suit. Akbar included Rajput princes and other Hindus in the highest ranks of his government and reduced discrimination against non-Muslims. He continued his conquests, taking Gujarat in the west (1573) and Bengal in the east (annexed in 1576). Toward the end of his reign he conquered Kashmir (1586) and moved south into the Deccan. Administratively, he strengthened central power, establishing that all military officers and civil administrators were to be appointed by the emperor. He encouraged scholars, poets, painters, and musicians, making his court a center of culture. He had Sanskrit classics translated into Persian and was enthusiastic about the European paintings presented to him by Jesuit missionaries. His reign was often portrayed as a model by later governments—strong, benevolent, tolerant, and enlightened. See also Babur.