什么是希斯

Hiss, Alger

美国政府官员。他进入哈佛大学法学院，当了小霍姆兹的职员。1930年代他在美国国务院工作，作为罗斯福的顾问参加了雅尔达会议，任刚建立的联合国的临时秘书。1946～1949年任国际和平卡内基基金会主席。1948年钱伯斯向美国众议员非美活动调查委员会指控希斯在1930年代曾是共产党间谍网的成员。在没有得到国会的豁免而公开了这一指控後，希斯控告钱伯斯诽谤罪。但当钱伯斯交出希斯交给他去送给苏联人的国务院文件後，希斯被判伪证罪。1949年对他的第一次审判由於陪审团意见不一致而悬而未决。1950年第二次审判确定有罪。1954年他被释放，仍然坚持抗议他是无罪的。1992年新开放的俄国档案没有发现希斯是苏维埃间谍的证明，但1996年美国的安全文件还认为他可能曾经是苏联代理人「阿切赫」。希斯的案件在麦卡锡时代是很轰动的，它也给尼克森带来了国会调查员的名声。

1904～1996年

Hiss, Alger

U.S. government official. Born in Baltimore, he attended Harvard Law School and clerked for Oliver Wendell, Jr. Holmes. He worked at the U.S. State Department in the 1930s, attended the Yalta Conference as an adviser to F. Roosevelt, was briefly temporary secretary general of the fledgling UN, and served as head of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1946-49. In 1948 Whittaker Chambers testified before the House Committee on Un-American Activities that Hiss had been a fellow member of a Communist spy ring in the 1930s. Hiss sued Chambers for slander when the charge was made public, unprotected by congressional immunity. When Chambers produced State Department documents that Hiss had allegedly given him to pass to the Soviets, Hiss was indicted for perjury. His first trial ended with a hung jury in 1949; at his second trial (1950) he was found guilty. He was released from jail in 1954, still protesting his innocence. In 1992 newly opened Russian archives found no evidence that Hiss was a Soviet spy, but in 1996 U.S. security documents suggested that he could have been the Soviet agent “Ales.” The Hiss case ushered in the Joseph McCarthy era and brought Richard Nixon fame as a congressional investigator.