什么是奥都邦

Audubon, John James，原名Fougère Rabin或Jean Rabin。

受洗名Jean-Jacques Fougère Audubon

美国鸟类学家、画家和博物学家。以绘制北美洲鸟类图而闻名。为法国商人在海地所生下的私生子，後随父亲回到法国，在十八岁移居美国以前曾随大卫（J.-L. David）学画。移居美国後经由父亲宾州不动产的资助首度展开针对鸟群的实验。在几次经商失败後，他集中精力在绘画和研究鸟类，并从佛罗里达迁往加拿大拉布拉多（Labrador）。1827～1838年在伦敦出版了四卷本的《美洲鸟类图谱》（Birds of America）。1831～1839年又出版五卷本的《鸟类生态史》（Ornithological Biography），而《北美胎生四足动物》（Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America，三卷；1842～1854）则是由其子完成的。评论家们多认为奥都邦所画的鸟姿有些想像成分（甚至是不可能的），细节也不准确，但是很少有人对那些画是艺术精品持有异议，而他的研究也是新大陆生态之研究基础。

1785～1851年

Audubon, John James

French-U.S. ornithologist, artist, and naturalist known for his drawings and paintings of North American birds. Born illegitimately to a French merchant in Haiti, he returned with his father to France, where he studied painting briefly with J.-L. David before moving to the U.S. at 18. From his father's Pennsylvania estate he made the first American bird-banding experiments. After failing in business ventures, he concentrated on drawing and studying birds, which took him from Florida to Labrador. His extraordinary four-volume Birds of America was published in London in 1827-38. He simultaneously published the extensive accompanying text Ornithological Biography (5 vols., 1831-39). His multivolume Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America (1842-54) was completed by his sons. Though his bird poses are sometimes unrealistic (the result of painting dead birds wired into position) and some details are inaccurate, few argue with the excellence of his illustrations as art, and his studies were fundamental to New World ornithology.